Bergström et al. (2014), Journal of Change Management

Paradoxifying Organizational Change: Cynicism and Resistance in the Swedish Armed Forces

Swedish Armed Forces unit managers met years of reforms with cynicism, which the authors read as a way of making sense of contradictions, not just resistance.

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Questions this study helps answer

What the research saysWhy do middle managers resist change?What the research saysHow can leaders tell a change is stuck before the numbers show it?

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