Caza (2011), Human Resource Management

Testing alternate predictions for the performance consequences of middle managers' discretion

Across European R&D units, middle managers who felt freer to manage their own people tended to run better-performing units, though the link depended on the managers' experience and was limited by unit size.

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What the research saysShould change be top-down or bottom-up?What the research saysDo middle managers affect performance?

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