Bruch & Walter (2007), Leadership & Organization Development Journal

Leadership in context: investigating hierarchical impacts on transformational leadership

In a Swedish multinational, upper managers showed inspiring, role-model leadership more often than middle managers did, and those behaviors were more strongly tied to their subordinates' job satisfaction.

Parts of the Loop it informs

Not tied to one part of the Loop. It describes the middle more broadly.

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Questions this study helps answer

What the research saysWhat leadership style works best for middle managers?

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